The Umayyads
A caliphate ruled from Damascus that reached from Iberia in the west to the Indus in the east.
The Eras · 632 CE to today
Fourteen centuries of Islamic history, read as a single caravan route: from the first caliphs in Madinah to the worldwide ummah of today. Each era is a station, and each opens as it is written.
Twelve stations
The eras overlap, as history does: al-Andalus runs alongside the Umayyads and the Abbasids, and the Ottomans outlast them all. Follow them in order, or jump to the one you came for.
Setting out · 632 CE · 11 AH
The road starts in Madinah, after the passing of the Prophet ﷺ. Walk the seerah first.
Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali: the four caliphs who led the ummah after the Prophet ﷺ.
A caliphate ruled from Damascus that reached from Iberia in the west to the Indus in the east.
Baghdad becomes a great capital of learning, translation and trade.
Nearly eight centuries of Muslim rule in Iberia, from Córdoba to the fall of Granada.
Two centuries of crusades in the Levant. Salahuddin retakes Jerusalem in 1187.
Baghdad falls to the Mongols in 1258; two years later the Mamluks of Egypt halt them at Ain Jalut.
Empires of the gold and salt trade, and Timbuktu’s mosques, scholars and manuscripts.
From a small Anatolian principality to an empire across three continents.
Great empires of Iran and South Asia, famed for their art, architecture and learning.
Islam travels the monsoon sea lanes and the Silk Road, carried largely by merchants and scholars.
European empires rule much of the Muslim world, while movements of reform and independence take shape.
After the abolition of the Ottoman caliphate: new nations, migration and a worldwide ummah.
Today · 2026
The twelfth station is the one we live in. New eras and chapters are added to the road as they are written.
Other ways to travel
See all twelve eras side by side on the timeline, or take the first Rihla: six stops through the age of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, with a stamp at every station.